Comprehensive Guide to 5th Metatarsal Fractures: Symptoms, Treatment & Recovery

Has this article been insightful? Share it!

What is a 5th Metatarsal Fracture? Understanding Foot Bone Injuries

Did you know that one of the most common foot injuries is a broken foot bone? A 5th metatarsal fracture, often referred to as a fifth metatarsal fracture, is a type of foot fracture that occurs when the bone linking your ankle to your little toe— the 5th metatarsal—breaks. Sometimes, this is classified as a Jones fracture if it occurs in a specific area near the base of the bone, leading to significant foot pain, instability, and difficulty walking.

Highly active people, such as sports enthusiasts or those who regularly wear high heels, are at greater risk of developing a broken fifth metatarsal from a sudden fall or overuse. That said, a sudden impact may also cause this fracture to occur.

If you suspect a foot injury like this, consult an orthopaedic specialist in Singapore promptly for expert diagnosis and care. Early treatment can help you regain mobility and prevent complications.

Anatomy of the Foot: Understanding the Role of the 5th Metatarsal Bone

The metatarsal bones are a group of five long foot bones located in the middle of each foot. They extend from below the toe bones to near the ankle, playing a crucial role in foot anatomy and overall foot structure. These bones are numbered from one to five, starting with the first metatarsal beneath the big toe and moving towards the fifth metatarsal beneath the little toe.

The metatarsals are vital in forming a foot arch and are essential for weight bearing, balance, and walking. The first metatarsal, a thicker weight-bearing bone, supports most of the load, while the 2nd-5th metatarsals assist with load distribution and structural stability. Together, these bones enable daily movements such as walking, running, and maintaining balance while standing.

metatarsal stress fractures illustration
fractures of the fifth metatarsal illustration

Given the delicate yet complicated nature of foot fractures, a proper evaluation by an orthopaedic specialist is required for accurate treatment.

Types of 5th Metatarsal Fractures: Jones Fracture, Avulsion Fracture & More

There are three common types of 5th metatarsal fractures categorised into three zones:

  • Avulsion Fracture (Zone 1): This fracture occurs when a small piece of bone is pulled off, typically at the back of the fifth metatarsal. Often caused by a sudden ankle twist or roll, it frequently accompanies an ankle sprain, making it easy to miss and hard to diagnose.
  • Jones Fracture (Zone 2): This less common but harder-to-treat fracture occurs in a small area of the 5th metatarsal with limited blood supply, making it prone to poor healing. It can be either a stress fracture (small, gradual foot bone breaks) or an acute (sudden) displaced fracture caused by overuse, repetitive stress, or trauma.
  • Mid-shaft Fracture (Zone 3): This is typically a stress fracture, developing gradually as the bone weakens and experiences minor breaks from repetitive stress. Due to its gradual onset, it is often overlooked or misdiagnosed until it becomes serious.

How to Recognise a 5th Metatarsal Fracture: Symptoms and Warning Signs

When you fracture your fifth metatarsal, you will face difficulty walking. Some common, hard-to-miss symptoms of foot fracture include foot pain, swelling after injury on the outside of the foot, bruising, or foot tenderness. These are all common bone injury signs.

As most symptoms are generally the same regardless of fracture type, you will need the expertise of a specialised orthopaedic specialist for an accurate diagnosis.

5th Metatarsal Fracture symptoms

What Causes a 5th Metatarsal Fracture? Common Triggers and Risk Factors

Multiple factors could trigger a foot fracture. Some common causes of foot fractures include:

  • Sudden force or twisting motions, such as rolling of the ankle due to a fall or high-impact sports
  • Stress from overuse

Additionally, there are certain risk factors for bone injuries, such as:

  • Older age: Bones naturally weaken over time, making fractures more likely.
  • Bone density issues: Conditions like osteoporosis reduce bone strength, increasing fracture risk.
  • Improper footwear: Shoes that lack support or stability can contribute to foot trauma, especially during physical activity.
5th metatarsal fracture diagnosis

Diagnosing a 5th Metatarsal Fracture: What to Expect at Your Orthopaedic Appointment

To receive a proper diagnosis of foot fractures, schedule an orthopaedic consultation with a specialist at Alps Orthopaedic Centre in Singapore. 

To assist with an accurate diagnosis, our specialist will perform imaging tests such as foot X-rays or MRI after a physical examination for a full fracture assessment. These procedures will help our specialist determine the location of your pain and capture more details of your injury.

Treatment Options for 5th Metatarsal Fractures: From Casts to Surgery

Treatment options may vary depending on your condition. Typically, for less severe fractures, your specialist may recommend non-surgical treatment. These may include:

  • The RICE Method: Initial care involving rest, icing, compression, and elevation of the injured foot.
  • Immobilisation: Restricting movement using a foot cast or walking boot to stabilise the foot.

Suppose your fracture is severe (i.e., bones are displaced by more than 3 mm) or you are an athlete. In that case, your specialist may recommend foot fracture surgery to correct the injury and prevent prolonged complications properly.

Surgery is most often advised for Jones fractures or mid-shaft fractures when conventional treatments fail to show improvement. When possible, orthopaedic surgeons prioritise minimally invasive surgery to reduce pain, minimise risk, and shorten recovery.

In general, there are two surgical approaches to treating fifth metatarsal fractures:

  • Screw Fixation: A pin, screw, rod, or plate is placed in the foot to hold the displaced bone in place.
  • Bone Grafting: In situations where the fracture does not heal with non-surgical treatment (non-union), bone grafting may be required to stimulate bone healing.

After surgery, patients will be encouraged to attend follow-up consultations and participate in physical therapy to ensure optimal recovery and maximise the use of their treated foot.

Recovery After a 5th Metatarsal Fracture: Healing and Rehabilitation Tips

Generally, patients will need 6-8 weeks for foot fracture recovery before putting weight on their foot, whether through immobilisation or surgery. Nevertheless, each individual’s injury might differ and require different bone healing times. 

Surgery usually allows for faster recovery and earlier rehabilitation. If a patient has undergone surgical fixation of his / her fracture, they are encouraged to attend physical therapy as part of their post-surgery care. These sessions include rehabilitation and early mobility exercises to help patients regain foot strength.

Patients may be able to fully recover and return to normal activities in 3-4 months. However, it is still advisable to take things slow under the advice of medical experts, such as slowly returning to sports to prevent a repeat injury.

5th metatarsal fractures prevention

How to Prevent 5th Metatarsal Fractures: Tips for Stronger Feet

To prevent foot fractures, here are some bone health tips to consider:

  • Avoid sports injuries by doing proper warm-ups.
  • Use appropriate footwear (e.g., during high-impact sports) for foot protection.
  • Maintain a healthy lifestyle that includes a balanced diet for bone health.
  • As you age, incorporate bone-strengthening exercises to strengthen your foot structure.

Experiencing Foot Pain or Suspecting a Fracture? Contact Us Today for a Consultation.

If you suspect a foot fracture, schedule an appointment with Dr Jerry Chen, the Medical Director and Senior Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon at Singapore’s Alps Orthopaedic Centre. Under the care of an orthopaedic specialist, you can promptly receive personalised treatment and accurate diagnosis of a potentially complex injury.

Frequently Asked Questions About 5th Metatarsal Fractures

How long does it take for a 5th metatarsal fracture to heal?

The healing process for a 5th metatarsal fracture can vary for each individual. However, it generally takes 6-8 weeks for initial recovery and 3-4 months for full recovery.

You will likely encounter difficulties; leaving it untreated could lead to unwanted long-term effects including non-union or malalignment of bone.

Surgery is typically performed on a case-by-case basis based on the specialist’s assessment and understanding of the patient’s concerns.

References

  1. National Center for Biotechnology Information. (n.d.). Fifth metatarsal fracture. In StatPearls. Retrieved November 21, 2024, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK544369/
  2. Cleveland Clinic. (2023, October 5). Fifth metatarsal fracture. Cleveland Clinic. Retrieved November 21, 2024, from https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22247-fifth-metatarsal-fracture
  3. Kenhub. (n.d.). Metatarsal bones. Kenhub. Retrieved November 21, 2024, from https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/metatarsal-bones
  4. FootCareMD. (n.d.). Fifth metatarsal fracture surgery. FootCareMD. Retrieved November 21, 2024, from https://www.footcaremd.org/conditions-treatments/midfoot/fifth-metatarsal-fracture-surgery
Has this article been insightful? Share it!

Dr Jerry Chen

MBBS (S’pore), MRCSEd, MMed (Ortho), FRCSEd (Ortho)

Fellowship-trained Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon & Medical Director

Why Alps Orthopaedic Centre?

At Alps Orthopaedic Centre, we specialise in Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS). Performed as a Day Surgery, the ERAS Direct Anterior Approach in Total Hip Replacement (THR) technique as well as ERAS Total Knee Replacement (TKR), reduces the average hospitalisation stay, utilising techniques which enable the patient to suffer from less pain and recover faster. We are an Orthopaedic clinic in Singapore, which specialises in ERAS and do our utmost to enable patients to return to everyday activities as early as possible. 

Our Orthopaedic clinic provides specialised diagnosis and effective treatment of musculoskeletal problems, especially Day Surgery / Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) For Hip and Knee Surgery, Sports Injuries and Trauma Fractures. If you are considering hip or knee surgery or minimally invasive treatments, book an appointment with our experienced Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon, Dr Jerry Chen, for a thorough assessment and treatment plan. 

Our aim is to boost patient well-being, optimising every aspect of the surgical journey. By minimising the recovery period, patients are able to go back to activities that they love. The Alps team offers comprehensive financial counselling sessions to ensure our patients understand their options and make informed decisions regarding their treatment plans.

Has this article been insightful? Share it!

Dr Jerry Chen

MBBS (S’pore), MRCSEd, MMed (Ortho), FRCSEd (Ortho)

Fellowship-trained Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon & Medical Director

Why Alps Orthopaedic Centre?

At Alps Orthopaedic Centre, we specialise in Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS). Performed as a Day Surgery, the ERAS Direct Anterior Approach in Total Hip Replacement (THR) technique as well as ERAS Total Knee Replacement (TKR), reduces the average hospitalisation stay, utilising techniques which enable the patient to suffer from less pain and recover faster. We are an Orthopaedic clinic in Singapore, which specialises in ERAS and do our utmost to enable patients to return to everyday activities as early as possible. 

Our Orthopaedic clinic provides specialised diagnosis and effective treatment of musculoskeletal problems, especially Day Surgery / Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) For Hip and Knee Surgery, Sports Injuries and Trauma Fractures. If you are considering hip or knee surgery or minimally invasive treatments, book an appointment with our experienced Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon, Dr Jerry Chen, for a thorough assessment and treatment plan. 

Our aim is to boost patient well-being, optimising every aspect of the surgical journey. By minimising the recovery period, patients are able to go back to activities that they love. The Alps team offers comprehensive financial counselling sessions to ensure our patients understand their options and make informed decisions regarding their treatment plans.

Has this article been insightful? Share it!

Dr Jerry Chen

MBBS (S’pore), MRCSEd, MMed (Ortho), FRCSEd (Ortho)

Fellowship-trained Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon & Medical Director

Why Alps Orthopaedic Centre?

At Alps Orthopaedic Centre, we specialise in Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS). Performed as a Day Surgery, the ERAS Direct Anterior Approach in Total Hip Replacement (THR) technique as well as ERAS Total Knee Replacement (TKR), reduces the average hospitalisation stay, utilising techniques which enable the patient to suffer from less pain and recover faster. We are an Orthopaedic clinic in Singapore, which specialises in ERAS and do our utmost to enable patients to return to everyday activities as early as possible. 

Our Orthopaedic clinic provides specialised diagnosis and effective treatment of musculoskeletal problems, especially Day Surgery / Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) For Hip and Knee Surgery, Sports Injuries and Trauma Fractures. If you are considering hip or knee surgery or minimally invasive treatments, book an appointment with our experienced Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon, Dr Jerry Chen, for a thorough assessment and treatment plan. 

Our aim is to boost patient well-being, optimising every aspect of the surgical journey. By minimising the recovery period, patients are able to go back to activities that they love. The Alps team offers comprehensive financial counselling sessions to ensure our patients understand their options and make informed decisions regarding their treatment plans.